Novum testamentum graece pdf

It presents the text of the 28th edition of the "Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece "and the "Novum Testamentum Latine Nova Vulgata "on facing pages, and includes the critical apparatus for both editions, facilitating a detailed study of the history of the Greek and Latin textual tradition.

Photographic reprint of the unaltered 6th edition as published in Greek text by Tischendorf. Photographic reprint of the unaltered 6th edition as published in Greek text by Tischendorf. Critical apparatus by Tregelles and Westcott-Hort. Foreword by O. NA 28 revisions include: 1 The structure of the critical apparatus has been consistently simplified 2 For the first time, the readings of Papyri are included 3 A thorough revision of the Catholic Epistles with more than 30 modifications in the main text, and 4 The cross-references have been systematically revised and supplemented.

Passages for which the editors had to lea ve open the decision as to which of the variants is the initial text are specially marked. The second edition of the ECM has a split guiding line at these passages. As a consequence square brackets, which could in any case be used only for possible additions, have become obsolete in the Catholic Letters. One of two textual witnesses may be classified as potential ancestor of the other, if it more often supports a variant from which the variant of the other witness can be derived.

Sorne witnesses have many, others have a few or only one potential anees- tor. The percentages of agreement between witnesses compared are used to arrange the poten tia! The method can also be applied to a comparison with the reconstructed initial text.

Hence we can say for which manuscript texts the initial text A has the highest rank among their potential ancestors. A, B, C, P, 'I', , 5, 81, , , , , , , , , The text of these manuscripts is more closely related to A than to any manuscript text. How- ever, as the Byzantine text is very well represented, we selected from the lOth century instead of These are close relatives, but we opted for because its text represents an early branch of the Byz- antine tradition which diverges from the mainstream.

For 88 and , a is the most closely related potential ancestor in one writing only, for 88 in the Letter of Jude, for in the First Letter of John. Consequently they are cited for these texts only. Finally, , a minuscule from the 14th century, was numbered among the consistently cited witnesses because it documents the text of a group of late Byzantine witnesses, a text with severa! The following members of this group are cited in the ECM: , , , , , , In: K. Wachtel and M. Holmes ed.

In addition, ali the papyri containing the text of the Catholic Let- ters were included. R was abandoned in the apparatus of the Catholic Letters.

The selection of these representatives was optimised for the different texts as they were published, and therefore it changes from letter to letter. In that apparatus it is possible to assign a versional witness to more than one Greek variant of the same passage, thus expressing the fact that other variants of that passage are less likely to represent the Greek exemplar. This sophisticated way of rendering is not available in the system of the Nestle-Aland apparatus, because many of the variants given in the ECM do not appear there.

Goals and Methods Being a critica edition of the Greek New Testament, the Nestle- Aland provides an eclectic text reconstructed from the tradition by means of a combination of externa and interna criteria.

The interna criteria are based on the intrinsic coherence of the text, its grammati- cal structure and its stylistic, linguistic and theological features. These cannot be applied without giving full weight to exegetical insights and studies. The externa criteria are related to the quality and reliability of the witnesses supporting a variant.

They are derived from the text- historical place and the transcriptional character of single witnesses and groups of witnesses. The wealth of material available for the Catholic Letters and its methodological analysis by means of the coherence method brought about considerable progress in refining the externa criteria. Therefore the text of this part of the New Testament was newly established.

For ali other NT books for which the Editio Critica Maior is not yet available, there is no new basis of knowledge. Hence, except for the Catholic Letters, the text of the 27th edition has been retained. These are the traditional signs of Eberhard Nestle's editions. They indicate the variants in the apparatus accurately and efficiently, with the ad- vantage of alerting the reader to both their location and their nature without having a look away from the text.

Readers who are interested only in the text can easily ignore them. Mt 18,19; Ac 16,1. These passages are always noted explicitly in the apparatus so that the reader may evaluate them independently.

The reading given in the text shows the preference of the editors. For practica reasons the evidence given in the apparatus always includes the support for the reading in the text. Square brackets always reflect a great degree of difficulty in determining the text.

In the present edition the diamond precedes the reference sign of the respective variant passage and the variant text in the apparatus. This does not mean that the editors regard the text as definitively established in all other passages.

How- ever, square brackets and other signs are no longer seen as suitable for expressing different degrees of reliability in the reconstructed initial text.

This requires more sophisticated forms of presentation, like a text-critical commentary. Double brackets in the text [ D indicate that the enclosed words, [] generally of sorne length, are known not to be a part of the original text.

These texts derive from a very early stage of the tradition, and have often played a significant role in the history of the church cf. Jn 7,, Signs A hand edition like the Nestle-Aland cannot comprehensively document the textual history of the Greek New Testament and list all significant witnesses with all their variants. This can only be achieved by the Editio Critica Maior. For those parts of the NT for which the ECM has appeared, it both complements and relieves the hand edi- tions, as it provides full representation of the relevant source material.

The present edition provides the reader primarily with the basis for studying the text and evaluating the most important variants. The apparatus also offers a wealth of readings which are only indirectly of value for establishing the text, but which may often signal the pres- ence of a textual problem.

Variants of lesser significance are also valu- able for revealing the causes and motives involved in the origin of textual variants. Consequently the support of witnesses is indicated in two different ways. A negative apparatus is given for variants which are cited mainly for their relevance to the history of the text or its interpretation.

For these readings only the evidence against the text is shown. The selection of consistently cited witnesses remains largely the same as in the 27th edition, except in the case of the Catholic Letters. It was an important guideline for the revision of the apparatus to dis- play these witnesses and their variants as clearly and simply as pos- sible, and so the variants were rendered in full unless there were good reasons not to do so.

Greek manuscripts not counted among those consistently cited were not included unless they contribute special readings of text-historical interest.

Naturally, a manuscript can be cited only if its text is legible. Ma- jor lacunae in the text of consistently cited manuscripts are indicated in the List of Manuscripts Appendix 1. The contents of fragments are described positively.

Signs The following signs in the critica! They show the exact location and nature of the variant recorded in the apparatus, and are not repeated within a single verse or within a verse sequence constituting an apparatus unit. Ap- parent exceptions are easily explained by their contexts. Mt 1,9 r o The word following in the text is omitted by the witnesses cited. Carlson proved this manu- script to be a copy of the Gospel of Mark according to Bultmann 's edition.

See Stephen C. O When listing the contents of a fragment a verse is described as extant if a single letter of it is preserved. Therefore inferences about the precise extent of a fragment may not be justified cf. The words between these signs are replaced with other words by the f ' witnesses cited. Frequently this involves the transposition of words.

To the extent that the words are identical with those in the text, they are indicated by italic numerals corresponding to their position in the printed text cf. Mt 27, T This sign marks the location where one or more words, sometimes a whole verse, are inserted by the witnesses cited. The words between these signs are transposed by the witnesses cited. The sequence of the transposed words is indicated where necessary by italic numerals corresponding to the position of the words in the printed text cf.

Mt 16, A raised colon indicates a variant form of punctuation. The word or verse of text is transposed as indicated in the apparatus s cf. Lk 6,5; Jn 13,8. Centered dots and superscript numerals distinguish between multiple occurrences of the same kind of variant within a single unit of the apparatus. In such instances the verse referen ces are in- dicated cf. Lk 3, There are no instances of confusion pos- sible due to the overlapping of similar variants; it is always necessary to look for the sign of closure.

Critica signs do not occur twice within a single section; their repetitions are distinguished by the addition of centered dots or numerals. Apparatus sections usually span a single verse; when variants extend over severa verses, this is made explicit by the reference following the large dot cf. A solid vertical line separates the instances of variation from each other within a single verse or section of the apparatus. A broken vertical line separates the various alternative readings from each other within a single instance of variation.

These readings taken together comprise a group of readings, or a variation unit. It always occurs as the last member of a group of readings, or variation unit. Presentation of Variant Readings and Witnesses Variant readings are usually spelled out in full in the apparatus. Three periods This convention is followed not just for variants of transposition indicated by the sign s.

Jn 12, In a limited number of instances, where a subvariant differs only slightly from a main variant, the wording in the apparatus is not given in full.

In such instances the witness for the subvariant is given with the following qualifications. Witnesses which show only minor differences are noted in parentheses along with the witnesses for the main variant cf. The readings of Greek witnesses cited in parentheses are given in Appendix The more important subvariants, however, continue to be noted within the parentheses of the apparatus as before cf.

The witnesses for a reading are always given in the same sequence: Greek manuscripts, versions, patristic citations separated by semi- colons. Greek manuscripts are cited in their numeric order according to the list of manuscripts. In Appendix I further information about each manuscript may be found date, present location and content.

The following superscript signs following manuscript numbers distin- guish various readings in the same manuscript or qualify as vid the relative certainty of a decision:. If used with the majuscules N, 8, C and D 05 and 06 superscript signs identify groups of correctors. N 01 : N1 4th-6th cent. C 04 : C1 roughly contemporaneous with C ; C2 circa 6th cent. D 05 : D1 6th-7th cent. Such replacements are identified in the Manuscript List Appendix l for the consistently cited witnesses.

This is frequently true of pa- pyri and palimpsests. Corrections may also require the sign vid if the original reading of the manuscript is no longer clearly legible. The sign vid always indicates a high degree of probability, usually based on sorne surviving letters or parts of letters. When an inference is drawn from the extent of a acuna, it is carefully verified that the manuscript cannot be cited equally well for other readings in the tradition. Consequently in instances of a negative ap- paratus, where support for the text is not given, the reading attested by '?

The abbreviation pm appears then with both Majority text readings. For the ECM the text of the majority of Codices Byzantini was determined by means of almost pure representatives of the mainstream tradition.

In the ECM apparatus the symbol Byz is abandoned in such cases, because the representatives are cited individually. Ac 24,5 r. Ro 16, Mt 1,9 r; 1,10 r1. A parenthetical reference to a passage standing before a variant read- L 2,7 12 ing refers to a parallel passage in another New Testament book cf.

If the parenthetical reference does not name a book, the parallel is found within the same book cf. A parenthetical reference to a verse with v. Mt 2, 13 ', which refers to the same transposition at 2, A reference to a passage in the Septuagint standing before a variant Jr 38, 15 e, suggests a parallel expression in the Septuagint text cf.

Three groups of Greek New Testament text manuscripts may be distinguished on the basis of their textual quality, designation, and frequency of citation in the apparatus: a consistently cited witnesses, b frequently cited manuscripts, and e occasionally cited manuscripts.

Manuscripts of the first two groups are listed below; while occasion- ally cited manuscripts are listed only in Appendix l. Ali extant papyri: Jor Mt: 'P1. Four lmportant Manuscripts of the Gospels, ed. The manuscripts comprising families JI and J13 are usually cited only by their group sign. If they difTer both from their own family and from 'JJ1, they may in special cases be cited individually cf. For JI there is a special rule: if the leading manuscript 1 differs from the other members of the family and also from 'JJ1, it is cited as 1; the sign JI is not used beca use the other members of the family agree with 'JJ1 cf.

Lk 24,53 T. There are no manuscripts in the category of frequently cited witnesses in the Gospels. Apart from the consistently cited witnesses only a few manuscripts are noted, if their variants are of text-historical interest.

The following uncials: M 01 , A 02 , B 03 , C 04 , D 05 , E 08 , L , 'P , , , , , , , , , , , , , The minuscules 33, 81, , , , , , and Consistently Cited Witnesses in Revelation The manuscript tradition for the Book of Revelation differs greatly from that of the other New Testament writings. Schmid, Studien zur Geschichte des griechischen Apokalypse-Textes 3 vols. Consistently cited witnesses cpts, 1 24, 1 43, tp47, cpss, 1 98, cp11s; M 01 , A 02 , C 04 , P , , , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , , The minuscules and frequently cannot be cited due to their poor state of preservation, consequently the witness of these manu- scripts cannot be inferred from silence.

These versions were unquestionably made directly from the Greek and at an early period. They are also the most fully studied. And finally, their value as witnesses to the textual tradition of the Greek New Testament, which is our concern at present, has become increasingly clear through decades of debate.

The same cannot be said of the other versions cf. These three versions are important witnesses for establishing the text. The following remarks discuss their use in the present edition. The versions are cited only where their underlying Greek text can be determined with confidence. They are generally cited only where their readings are also attested by sorne other Greek or independent versional evidence. Only in rare instances do they appear as the sole support for a Greek reading cf.

Variant readings reflecting idiomatic or stylistic differences are ignored. On the whole, versions can only revea!

Aland ed. It is highly welcome that there is a growing awareness about the problems of citing versional evidence in the ap- paratus of editions of the Greek New Testament. The following titles have to be mentioned in this respect: J. Louvain Piscataway Baarda, Novum Testamentum 48 In instances where the witness of a version is doubtful, it is not noted. But their value for scholarship today in comparison with earlier generations has been modified by the great number of Greek manuscripts on papyrus and parchment discovered in the twentieth century.

Hitherto only Coptic witnesses were occasionally assigned to more than one variant of the same passage. Nach den Hand- schriften hrsg. Matzkowt und K. Aland vol. Matthiius-Evangelium , vol. Marcus- Evangelium ', vol. Lucas-Evangelium ', vol. Johannes-Evangeli- um ;. Frede, ; for 1 Thess-Heb, vol. Frede, Information for Acts and Romans-Galatians is derived from collations of the manuscripts listed in Appendix l.

Individual Old Latin manuscripts are designated by their convention- a a2 aur be al abbreviations and letters;" their numbers in the Beuron registry are found in the Manuscript List Appendix I. Wordsworth, H. White, et al. Biblia sacra iuxta Vulgatam versionem, adiuvantibus B. Fischer OSB, vg" J. Gribomont OSB, H. Sparks, W Thiele recensuit et brevi ap- paratu instruxit R.

Fischer, H. NA 28 revisions include: 1 The structure of the critical apparatus has been consistently simplified 2 For the first time, the readings of Papyri are included 3 A thorough revision of the Catholic Epistles with more than Download or read online Novum Testamentum Graece written by Anonim, published by Unknown which was released on Get Novum Testamentum Graece Books now!

Download or read online Novum Testamentum graece written by Anonim, published by Unknown which was released on Get Novum Testamentum graece Books now! Compiled from the Greek readings used by the revisers of the authorised version of Published as a companion to the Revised Version of the New Testament The readings adopted by the committee of revisers are presented in a continuous Greek text in this Bible, which includes marginal notes showing every.

Download or read online Novum Testamentum graece et germanice written by Eberhard Nestle, published by Unknown which was released on Get Novum Testamentum graece et germanice Books now!