Go into administration vista

This was called the Watkins Chrono-Fusor and its main use was in the delivery of Fluorouracil, a chemotherapeutic drug that is still used today in the treatment of cancer. The Chrono-Fusor shared many of the features of modern, programmable devices, including a rotary peristaltic mechanism, and was needed to be wound up with a key, similar to the way that grandfather clocks are powered. There was little major change in IV pumps until the s, when a growth in the home infusion market drove a move towards smaller, more affordable devices.

These devices became particularly popular for use in laboratory research involving animals, since they offered a practical solution to the need to deliver drugs in ambulatory animals. Previously, ambulatory IV pumps could only supply a single therapy, meaning that multiple pumps were required for different drugs and rates of pumping.

The early s saw the advent of multiple therapy pumps that were capable of different programming for differing infusions. However, while this was a major advance, it came at a price, since increasing the size and weight of the pumps meant they were less useful when working with animals.

The new possibilities opened up by this technology inspired a move towards wireless communication with pumps. Early wireless devices relied on infrared data transmissions and proprietary RF signals, making them difficult to work with.

Modifications to the working environment were required to minimize interference with the transmissions and the pumps were not practical for most scenarios. Smart technology also enabled IV pumps to provide pump history downloads, as well as the ability to be programmed remotely and associated with a specific patient to further reduce the chance of error.

Given that most — if not all — healthcare facilities come with the necessary infrastructure to support Wi-Fi, it is unsurprising that Wi-Fi based pumps are proving highly popular, especially since they are easy to access on the wireless LAN, allow the remote downloading of data and can also be set up to issue alerts via email or text.

IV pumps have come a long way over the centuries, transforming IV therapy from a radical experiment to a commonplace treatment used in a wide range of situations, from emergency, life-saving situations through to preventative care.

IV therapy is highly versatile and has transformed what were once risky procedures to straightforward routine. This innovation is largely down to the improvements in IV pump technology. These can include fluids to counteract dehydration or electrolyte issues, as well as blood transfusions and medications.

There are two different types of IV treatment: infusion and transfusion. Infusion is the term used when an outside substance is introduced to the bloodstream, e. There are a number of reasons why someone might need IV treatment. Sometimes, when someone is suffering from a complex disease, they cannot eat and taking oral medication becomes impossible. Another reason is that some medications are inappropriate for oral administration because the acidic digestive system will break them down before they can be absorbed by the body to treat the disease.

In acute care situations, treatment needs to be immediate, and IV delivery is much faster than oral medications. In addition, if a patient is unconscious, IV therapy means that they can still be treated. Originally, IV treatment was carried out solely in hospitals, but as the range of IV pumps expanded to include ambulatory pumps and lightweight pumps, IV therapy can also be given in outpatient infusion therapy centers or even in the home under the supervision of specialized nurses.

A need to minimize healthcare costs combined with improvements in technology led to the possibility of receiving IV therapy outside of a hospital environment. Individuals who face long-term therapy will also face expensive inpatient care as well as difficulty in enjoying a normal lifestyle and going back to work.

Most patients prefer to stay at home where possible and this is a major factor in the development of home IV therapy, which provides a highly cost-effective alternative to hospital treatment. Before home IV therapy can proceed, both the patient and their home are thoroughly assessed to determine whether the patient is a good candidate for home treatment. The therapy is then overseen by a qualified physician, who will issue a prescription order for an infusion therapy provider to fill out.

Such home infusion therapy pharmacies are state-licensed and have received specific training in the provision of IV home therapies. They must also meet a number of regulatory requirements as laid out by state pharmacy boards and appropriate accreditation standards.

In addition to supplying IV medications, they may also supplies related therapies and services, such as enteral nutrition therapy, inhalation therapy, and care management. Some home infusion therapy pharmacies are independent, while others are affiliated with selected healthcare providers, such as hospitals, home nursing agencies, and other pharmacies. In addition to home treatment, patients may be able to visit an ambulatory infusion center for their IV treatment.

This offers a very cost-effective alternative to hospital treatment and provides another alternative to patients who are appropriate candidates for this approach. An AIS is one of three different types of ambulatory infusion centers, the others being physician-based infusion clinics and hospital-based infusion clinics. IVs are categorized by the type of vein being used. The IV tube is called a catheter and may be inserted into a number of locations across the body according to need.

Peripheral IVs are the most commonly used IV therapy and, as the name would suggest, are used with peripheral veins, i. Central IV lines involve the catheter being inserted through a vein and then empties into a large vein within the torso, such as the superior vena cava, or the inferior vena cava. Since these veins are larger than peripheral veins and subsequently have a faster blood flow, central IVs are preferred for fluids that may irritate the lining of the blood vessels, such as chemotherapy medication.

In addition, central IVs offer a fast distribution throughout the body, due to the delivery of medication close to the heart, and they allow for the delivery of multiple medications, since the catheter is large enough to accommodate multiple parallel compartments known as lumen.

Another advantage is that central IVs enable the measurement of central venous pressure and other variables. However, central IVs also have a number of associated risks, including bleeding, infection, gas embolism, and thromboembolism. A skilled clinician needs to insert them, since the required veins can be difficult to find, and there is the possibility of damage to parts of the body, such as the carotid artery or pleura if the IV is not appropriately sited.

There are a number of different types of central IVs according to where the catheter is placed. For example, PICC lines are placed through a sheath into a peripheral vein before being guided upwards to the superior vena cava or right atrium. Once in situ, they are normally used when long term therapy is required, e. Once in place, a PICC line can be left for months or even years without needing to be replaced. While a PICC line carries with it an increased risk of infection if bacteria enter the body through the catheter, it is less risky than other types of central IVs, since the insertion site is generally cooler and dryer, which means that the rate of bacterial growth is lower than with other central IVs.

This method of IV therapy minimizes the risk of infection since there is no chance of bacteria on the skin entering the vein.

Frequently called by a brand name, e. MediPort or Port-a-Cath, ports are implanted beneath the skin, where it can be left for a long period of time, years even. The reservoir is filled with medication on a regular basis by injecting drugs through the silicone, which is self-sealing. This silicone cover is capable of undergoing hundreds of piercings while maintaining its integrity.

If a port will be left in a patient for the long term, it will need to be flushed with an anti-coagulant on a monthly basis to avoid it getting plugged up, which carries with it a potential risk of embolization. Installing a port is a complex process that requires a skilled clinician, although once in place, they are usually easily removed as an outpatient procedure.

Given how convenient it is for the patient to have a port in place and the fact that they have a lower risk of infection that PICCs, they are generally the IV therapy of choice for patients requiring long term intermittent treatment. Finally, another type of IV therapy is a midline catheter. Like a peripheral IV, a midline catheter is inserted into a peripheral vein, but they advance further through the vein than a peripheral IV, although a midline catheter does not go as far as a central vein.

IV pumps are sensitive enough to be able to deliver amounts as small as 0. They can be programmed to deliver medication every minute, or to deliver different volumes of fluid at different times, all of which is much more cost effective when controlled by an IV pump as opposed to paying for staff members to administer.

IV pumps can be programmed by an appropriate medical professional to deliver a wide range of infusion types. These include:. There are two main classes of pump: large-volume; and small-volume. Large-volume pumps are designed to deliver large nutrient solutions while small-volume pumps are used for hormones, e.

However, there is a lot of deviation within these two classes. So you get the full-fledged Administrator privileges in a normal boot mode, not Safe Mode. There's a trick you need to know to make it work. And also something you need to watch out for. Start by enabling the Administrator account in Computer Management just as described above.

Remember: Don't set a password in Computer Management for the Administrator account. The second step -- the trick -- is to disable any other enabled accounts with computer administrator privileges in the Users area. Look for account icons that lack the red disable mark. You should find at least one with computer administrator privileges. Follow the same steps to open Properties, but this time, click to add a check mark in the box labeled "Account Is Disabled.

Double check that your Administrator account is enabled. Close Computer Management and restart Windows. When it comes back up, it will just load the Administrator account, since you haven't set a password.

For security reasons, this method should only be used on a temporary basis. Your Administrator account should not be left enabled without a password. So, have a look around, but don't move in. And when you're done, I strongly urge you to re-enable your user account s and promptly disable the Administrator account. If your goal in accessing the Administrator account is to ditch User Account Controls, a somewhat safer way to do that would be to stick with your account with computer-administrator privileges the one that is not named Administrator.

Open the User Account Control Panel. On the subsequent screen, you'll find an easy way to turn off UAC. There is another possible wrinkle on Method 2. It is possible to set a password for your Administrator account. But there's another way to manage user accounts: the User Accounts Control Panel. User Accounts doesn't display any settings for the Administrator account until you're booted into that account.

But once you're booted into Administrator, it lets you set a password for it without any negative effects. So this is a work-around if you'd like to leave your Administrator account enabled. It's important to protect it with a password that's not easy to guess or arrive at by trial and error. Despite what it may seem to some people, Microsoft's decision to disable and lightly hide the Administrator account in Windows was a very good one.

Millions of people have for many years been living in this account -- many without even having set a password for it. Doing so makes it easy for malware and hackers to waltz into an account that has unlimited access to the operating system. By changing the name for the account on your computer that has administrative privileges, and by setting a password for it, Windows security is raised considerably.

The user experience for dealing with User Account Control elevations, although improved in Windows Vista Post-Beta-2 Build , is still a little rough. Microsoft has designed UAC in a way that keeps you from having to reboot between changes, but there are still too many nuisance UAC prompts. There's still development time to go on Vista's User Account Controls. Online editorial director Scot Finnie has been an editor for a variety of IT publications for more than 20 years.

This article was adapted from the July issue of Scot's Newsletter and is used by permission. Scot Finnie, former Editor in Chief of Computerworld, is a freelance writer with decades of experience covering the IT industry. Here are the latest Insider stories. More Insider Sign Out. Sign In Register.