Css advanced guide pdf

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We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The general sibling selector allow elements to be selected based on their sibling elements, those which share the same common parent. The first element identifies what the second element shall be a sibling with, and both of which must share the same parent. In order for a p element to be selected it must come after any h2 element.

The paragraphs on lines 5 and 9 are selected as they come after the heading within the document tree and share the same parent as their sibling heading. Occasionally a little more control may be desired, including the ability to select a sibling element that directly follows after another sibling element, which is where the adjacent sibling element comes in. The adjacent sibling selector will only select sibling elements directly following after another sibling element.

Again, the first element identifies what the second element shall directly follow after and be a sibling with, and both of which must share the same parent. Both of which must also share the same parent element. The paragraph on line 5 is selected as it directly follows after its sibling heading along with sharing the same parent element, thus selected.

Some of the common selectors looked at early may also be defined as attribute selectors, in which an element is selected based upon its class or ID value. These class and ID attribute selectors are widely used and extremely powerful but only the beginning. Other attribute selectors have emerged over the years, specifically taking a large leap forward with CSS3. Now elements can be selected based on whether an attribute is present and what its value may contain.

The first attribute selector identifies an element based on whether it includes an attribute or not, regardless of any actual value. To select an element based on if an attribute is present or not, include the attribute name in square brackets, [] , within a selector. The square brackets may or may not follow any qualifier such as an element type or class, all depending on the level of specificity desired. To identify an element with a specific, and exact matching, attribute value the same selector from before may be used, however this time inside of the square brackets following the attribute name, include the desired matching value.

The asterisk should fall just after the attribute name, directly before the equals sign. Doing so denotes that the value to follow only needs to appear, or be contained, within the attribute value. In addition to selecting an element based on if an attribute value contains a stated value, it is also possible to select an element based on what an attribute value begins with.

Opposite of the begins with selector, there is also an ends with attribute selector. Using the dollar sign denotes that the attribute value needs to end with the stated value. At times attribute values may be spaced apart, in which only one of the words needs to be matched in order to make a selection. When an attribute value is hyphen-separated, rather than whitespace-separated, the vertical line character, , may be used within the square brackets of a selector between the attribute name and equals sign.

The vertical line denotes that the attribute value may be hyphen-separated however the hyphen-separated words must begin with the stated value. Notice how this pseudo-class begins with the colon character, : , as will all other pseudo-classes.

Some of the more basic pseudo-classes include two revolving around links specifically. To style an anchor which has not been visited the :link pseudo-class comes into play, where the :visited pseudo-class styles links that a user has already visited based on their browsing history. The :hover pseudo-class is applied to an element when a user moves their cursor over the element, most commonly used with anchor elements.

The :active pseudo-class is applied to an element when a user engages an element, such as clicking on an element. Lastly, the :focus pseudo-class is applied to an element when a user has made an element the focus point of the page, often by using the keyboard to tab from one element to another. As with the link pseudo-classes there are also some pseudo-classes generated around the user interface state of elements, particularly within form elements.

These user interface element state pseudo-classes include :enabled , :disabled , :checked , and :indeterminate. The :enabled pseudo-class selects an input that is in the default state of enabled and available for use, where the :disabled pseudo-class selects an input that has the disabled attribute tied to it.

Many browsers by default will fade out disabled inputs to inform users that the input is not available for interaction, however those styles may be adjusted as wished with the :disabled pseudo-class.

The last two user interface element state pseudo-classes of :checked and :indeterminate revolve around checkbox and radio button input elements. The :checked pseudo-class selects checkboxes or radio buttons that are, as you may expect, checked. When a checkbox or radio button has neither been selected nor unselected it lives in an indeterminate state, from which the :indeterminate pseudo-class can be used to target these elements. A handful of pseudo-classes are structural and position based, in which they are determined based off where elements reside in the document tree.

These structural and position based pseudo-classes come in a few different shapes and sizes, each of which provides their own unique function. Some pseudo-classes have been around longer than others, however CSS3 brought way of an entire new set of pseudo-classes to supplement the existing ones.

The first structural and position based pseudo-classes one is likely to come across are the :first-child , :last-child , and :only-child pseudo-classes. These pseudo-classes are perfect for selecting the first or last items in a list and so forth. Additionally, the :only-child will select an element if it is the only element within a parent. Alternately, the :only-child pseudo-class could be written as :first-child:last-child , however :only-child holds a lower specificity.

Here the selector li:first-child identifies the first list item within a list, while the selector li:last-child identifies the last list item within a list, thus lines 2 and 10 are selected. The selector div:only-child is looking for a division which is the single child of a parent element, without any other other siblings. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Add To My Wish List. Publishers of technology books, eBooks, and videos for creative people.

Geetha qujckpro it as to-read Sep 16, No trivia or quizzes yet. Free ebooks since About Jason Cranford Teague. Thanks for telling quckpro about the problem. Eric Brasley added it Jan 01, Redag added it Dec 18, It also includes loads of tips, screen shots and practical, working examples that Jason has provided.

This book is not advanced. Once you discovered the dynamic, sophisticated sites you could create using DHTML and CSS, you wanted more—more dhmtl, more accessibility, more animation, more interesting combinations of text and graphics, more everything!

This means that we want all elements to include padding and borders in the box model calculation instead of adding those widths to any defined dimensions. For example, in the following rule, the. Another very useful application was recommended by Andy Bell and Heydon Pickering in their Every Layout site and book and is called " The Stack " which in it's most simple form looks like this:.

When used with a reset or parent rule that reduces all element margins to zero, this applies a top margin to all elements that follow another element. This is a quick way to gain vertical rhythm. If you do want to be a little more - well, selective - then I enjoy using it as a descendent in specific circumstances such as the following:. This is similar to the stack idea, but more targeted towards the headline elements to provide a bit more breathing room between content sections.

Did you know you can achieve matching results similar to regex by leveraging CSS attribute selectors? This is exceptionally useful for modifying BEM styled systems or other frameworks that use related class names but perhaps not a single common class name.

And you can ensure the match is case insensitive by including i prior to closing the attribute selector:. Which would select all a link elements that have any class value. Review the MDN docs for all the possible ways to match values within attribute selectors. These selectors can be wielded to perform some basic accessibility linting, such as the following:. Would you like CSS tips in your inbox? Join my newsletter for article updates, CSS tips, and front-end resources!

Attribute selectors can also help enforce accessibility if they are used as the only selector, making the absence of the attribute prevent the associated styling. One way to do this is by attaching to required aria attributes. One example is when implementing an accordion interaction where you need to include the following button, whether the aria boolean is toggled via JavaScript:.

The related CSS could then use the aria-expanded as an attribute selector alongside the adjacent sibling combinator to style the related content open or closed:. When dealing with navigation, you may have a mix of default links and links stylized as "buttons". In this case, it can be very useful to use the following to select non-"button" links:. Another tip I've started incorporating from Andy Bell and his modern CSS reset is to remove list styling based on the presence of the role attribute:.